Observers say such language creates a chilling effect: groups may self-censor or curtail advocacy to avoid prosecution. 

According to a leaked police memorandum dated February 8, 2026, Chamatumba was allegedly killed by a soldier stationed in Marange during an interrogation at the base. 

There is also need for community education and identification of alternative livelihoods as well as monitoring and ecological assessments. 

Across the country, wetlands continue to be degraded by urban expansion, illegal mining, streambank cultivation and infrastructure development.

This is despite the glaring social protection gaps existing in the country, where pensions have been eroded, leaving pensioners wallowing in abject poverty.