Debate is growing around the possible links between sexual dissatisfaction in marriages, changing social norms, and the continued spread of HIV.
While the issue is complex and influenced by many factors, some observers argue that shifts in upbringing, exposure to sexual content, and modern lifestyles are quietly shaping intimate relationships in ways that may have unintended consequences.
In earlier generations, particularly from the 1960s through to the late 1970s, cultural norms around modesty and sexuality were far stricter.
Young people were shielded from explicit exposure, and discussions about intimacy were often reserved for adulthood, typically within the context of marriage.
Traditional systems — guided by elders — played a role in preparing individuals for married life, including expectations around respect, discipline, and sexual conduct.
Today, that landscape has changed dramatically.
Keep Reading
- Building narratives: ‘Stepmother narrative’ rewritten in Nyangairi’s latest publication
- Curtain comes down on Shoko fête
- Building narratives: ‘Stepmother narrative’ rewritten in Nyangairi’s latest publication
- Curtain comes down on Shoko fête
With the rise of digital media, young people are exposed to sexual content at increasingly early ages.
This exposure, some argue, may shape expectations, attitudes, and behaviours long before emotional maturity is fully developed.
While research does not conclusively link early exposure to long-term sexual dysfunction, there is growing concern that unrealistic portrayals of intimacy can affect confidence, performance anxiety, and relationship satisfaction later in life.
Stress is another major factor. Economic pressures and the demands of modern life often leave couples with little time or emotional energy to nurture their relationships.
Intimacy may be deprioritised, leading to emotional distance and, in some cases, dissatisfaction.
When communication breaks down, some partners may seek fulfillment outside the marriage — an issue that remains a known risk factor in the spread of HIV.
Relationship dynamics also play a critical role. Feelings of inadequacy, whether linked to body image or performance, can undermine confidence and intimacy.
Experts generally agree that open communication, emotional support, and mutual respect are essential in addressing such challenges.
Shaming or comparison within a relationship can be damaging, while encouragement and understanding tend to foster healthier outcomes.
Cultural knowledge and intergenerational guidance, once central to preparing young people for adulthood, have also diminished in many communities.
Some believe that revisiting positive aspects of traditional mentorship — without ignoring modern realities — could help bridge gaps in knowledge around relationships, responsibility, and sexual health.
However, it is important to recognise that HIV transmission is driven by a combination of factors, including unprotected sex, multiple concurrent partners, limited access to healthcare, and gaps in education.
Addressing the issue requires a balanced approach that includes comprehensive sexual education, access to prevention tools, and strengthening relationships through communication and mutual respect.
Ultimately, the conversation points to a broader need: rebuilding strong, informed, and supportive relationships in a rapidly changing world.
- Piason Maringwa is an HIV champion based in Gokwe South, who fights stigma, promotes treatment adherence and educates communities to improve the lives of people living with HIV.