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NewsDay

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Take it easy on red meat

Opinion & Analysis
The cancer arm of the World Health Organisation has some serious concerns about some of our  favourite foods.

By Michelle Madzudzo

HAVE you ever heard the claim that eating processed meat increases the risk of colon cancer?

Could it be true? It is every meat-loving Zimbabwean’s worst nightmare — the idea that eating processed meat and red meat could lead to colon cancer risk.

Meat lovers out there beware, it is possible that processed meats and red meat can cause colon cancer.

The cancer arm of the World Health Organisation has some serious concerns about some of our  favourite foods.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies processed meat as a carcinogen, something that causes cancer.

And it classifies red meat as a probable carcinogen, something that probably causes cancer.

This link between certain types of meat and some forms of cancer, particularly colon cancer, isn’t new.

Scientific evidence has been accumulating for decades that colon cancer is more common among people who eat red and processed meat than those who eat vegan diets or white meat more often.

Processed meat includes hot dogs, ham, bacon, sausage, and some deli meats.

It refers to meat that has been treated in some way to preserve or flavour it. Processes include salting, curing, fermenting and smoking.

Red meat includes beef, pork, lamb and goat of course. Red meat has many vitamins, minerals and other nutrients that the body needs.

It can be a source of protein, B vitamins, iron, zinc, but it depends on what type of red meat you are eating, how much of the red meat you are consuming and how often are you eating it. But generally speaking, choosing white meat or vegetarian options are your best bets for having an overall healthier colon.

Twenty-two experts from 10 countries reviewed more than 800 studies to reach their conclusions.

They found that eating 50g of processed meat everyday increased the risk of colorectal cancer by 18%.

That is the equivalent of about four strips of bacon or one hot dog. For red meat, there was evidence of increased risk of colorectal, pancreatic and prostate cancer.

Overall, the lifetime risk of someone developing colon cancer is 5%.

To put the numbers into perspective, the increased risk from eating the amount of processed meat in the study would raise average lifetime risk to almost 6%.

Data has also shown that time and time again red meat is linked with high cholesterol and, in turn, increases risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. Consumption of more  meat is also associated with obesity which is a serious health hazard.

Colon cancer is not 100% preventable.

However, managing certain controllable risk factors such as diet can lower chances of developing it.

Health experts have long recommended a diet that limits processed and red meat.

Vegetables, fruits and whole grains contain high amounts of fibre and have been linked to decreased risk of colon cancer.

Researchers believe that because fibre tends to add bulk to your digestive system, shortening the amount of time that wastes travel through the colon.

Since this waste often contains carcinogens, a high amount of fibre decreases the opportunity for carcinogens to affect intestinal cells.

As a health professional, I would recommend choosing white meat, especially fish, poultry, rabbits or beans instead of red and processed meat.

Generally, cancer rates would decline by up to 20% if everyone consumed five servings of fruits and vegetables a day.

Fruits and vegetables contain cancer-fighting substances such as antioxidants, dietary fibre, carotenoids, and flavenoids. People are also advised to limit excessive intake of sugar and salt to keep our colon healthy.

People are also advised to avoid tobacco and limit alcohol consumption to lower the risk of getting cancer.